Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esinezimbotshana kanye nendawo enkulu engaphezulu yekhabhoni ecushiwe, ehlanganiswe namandla ahehayo, ivumela ikhabhoni ecushiwe ukuthi ibambe futhi ibambe izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto endaweni yayo.Ikhabhoni ecushiwe iza ngezindlela eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo.Ikhiqizwa ngokucubungula i-carbonaceous material, evame kakhulu amalahle, ukhuni, noma amakhoba kakhukhunathi, endaweni yokushisa ephezulu (njenge-rotary kiln[5]) ukuze kusebenze ikhabhoni futhi kudalwe isakhiwo esingaphezulu esinezimbobo.
Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingenye yemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokuhlanza amanzi.Inezimbobo ngokwedlulele ngendawo enkulu, okuyenza ibe i-adsorbent material ephumelelayo.Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingeyeqembu le-porous carbon materials enamandla okukhangisa nekhono lokuphinda kusebenze.Izinto eziningi zisetshenziswa njengento eyisisekelo ukukhiqiza i-AC.Okuvame kakhulu kulawo asetshenziselwa ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi yigobolondo likakhukhunathi, izinkuni, amalahle e-anthracite kanye ne-peat.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zekhabhoni ecushiwe zikhona, ngayinye inikezela ngezinto ezihlukile eziyenza ifanelekele izinhlelo ezithile.Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi banikeza uhlu olubanzi lwemikhiqizo ye-carbon activated.Ngokuya ngohlelo lokusebenza, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingasetshenziswa kuyimpuphu, i-granular, i-extruded, noma ifomu eliwuketshezi.Ingasetshenziswa yodwa, noma ihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene, njengokubulala amagciwane e-UV.Amasistimu okuhlanza amanzi ngokuvamile asebenzisa ikhabhoni ecushiwe eyimbudumbudu noma eyimpuphu, enekhabhoni ecushiwe eyimbudumbudu (GAC) evela kumalahle e-bituminous okuyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu.Igobolondo likakhukhunathi selivele njengenye yezindlela ezinhle kakhulu zekhabhoni ecushiwe ngezidingo zohlelo lokuhlunga amanzi.Amakhabhoni acushiwe asuselwa kugobolondo likakhukhunathi angama-micro-pores.Lezi zimbotshana ezincane zihambisana nobukhulu bama-molecule angcolile emanzini okuphuza futhi ngaleyo ndlela ziphumelela kakhulu ekuzibambeni.Amakhukhunathi ayinsiza evuselelekayo futhi atholakala kalula unyaka wonke.Zikhula ngamanani amakhulu futhi zingagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Amanzi angase aqukathe ukungcola okungathinta impilo kanye nezinga lempilo.Amanzi ahloselwe ukuphuzwa umuntu kufanele angabi nazinto eziphilayo futhi angabi namakhemikhali amaningi angaba yingozi empilweni.Amanzi esiwaphuzayo nsuku zonke kufanele angabi nakho ukungcola.Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamanzi okuphuza: amanzi ahlanzekile namanzi aphephile.Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamanzi okuphuza.
Amanzi ahlanzekile angase achazwe njengamanzi angenazo izinto ezingaphandle kungakhathaliseki ukuthi akanangozi noma cha.Nokho, ngokombono ongokoqobo, kunzima ukukhiqiza amanzi ahlanzekile, ngisho nangemishini yamanje eyinkimbinkimbi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi aphephile angamanzi okungenzeka abangele imiphumela engathandeki noma engemihle.Amanzi aphephile angase aqukathe ukungcola okuthile kodwa lokhu kungcola ngeke kubangele ubungozi noma imiphumela emibi yezempilo kubantu.Ukungcola kufanele kube sebangeni elamukelekayo.
Isibonelo, i-chlorination isetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane emanzini.Le nqubo, nokho, yethula ama-trihalomethanes (THMs) emkhiqizweni oqediwe.Ama-THM adala izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona.Ukuphuza isikhathi eside kwamanzi ane-chlorine kubonakala kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesinye kuze kufike kumaphesenti angu-80, ngokocwaningo olwanyatheliswa kujenali ye-National Cancer Institute (St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press, 1987).
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni landa futhi nezidingo zokusebenzisa amanzi aphephile zanda kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, kuzokhathaza kakhulu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuthi izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi zisebenze kangcono.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi ezindlini zisasongelwa ukungcola okunjengamakhemikhali nama-microorganisms.
I-Actiated carbon isetshenziswe njengendlela yokuhlunga amanzi ukuze kuhlanzwe amanzi okuphuza iminyaka eminingi.Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhipheni ukungcola emanzini ngenxa yomthamo wayo ophezulu wokukhangisa izinhlanganisela ezinjalo, okuvela endaweni yazo enkulu kanye ne-porosity.Amakhabhoni acushiwe anezici ezihlukene zomhlaba kanye nokusabalalisa usayizi wezimbotshana, izici ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhangiseni kokungcola emanzini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Mar-26-2022