Ikhabhoni ecushiwe, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa nge-activated charcoal, iyi-adsorbent eyingqayizivele eyaziswa ngesakhiwo sayo esinezimbotshana ezivumela ukuthi ibambe futhi ibambe izinto.
Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi ukususa izingxenye ezingafuneki oketshezini noma kumagesi, ikhabhoni ecushiwe ingasetshenziswa enanini elingapheli lezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukususwa kokungcola noma izinto ezingafuneki, kusukela ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi nomoya, kuya ekulungisweni kwenhlabathi, ngisho negolide imbala. ukululama.
Kunikezwe lapha ukubuka konke kwalokhu kwaziswa okuhluke ngendlela emangalisayo.
IYINI IKHABONI ESEBENZE?
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yinto esuselwa kukhabhoni ecutshunguliwe ukuze kwandiswe izindawo zayo ezikhangayo, ikhiphe i-adsorbent esezingeni eliphakeme.
Ikhabhoni ecushiwe iziqhayisa ngesakhiwo sembotshana esihlaba umxhwele esibangela ukuthi ibe nendawo ephezulu kakhulu lapho izothwebula futhi ibambe khona izinto zokwakha, futhi ingakhiqizwa ngenani lezinto eziphilayo ezinothe ngekhabhoni, okuhlanganisa:
Amagobolondo kakhukhunathi
Izinkuni
Amalahle
I-Peat
Futhi nokuningi…
Ngokuya ngezinto eziwumthombo, nezindlela zokucubungula ezisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ikhabhoni ecushiwe, izici ezibonakalayo nezamakhemikhali zomkhiqizo wokugcina zingahluka kakhulu.² Lokhu kudala i-matrix yamathuba okuhlukahluka kwamakhabhoni akhiqizwa ukuthengisa, namakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezitholakalayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amakhabhoni acushiwe akhiqizwa ukuhweba akhethekile kakhulu ukuze kuzuzwe imiphumela engcono kakhulu yohlelo olunikeziwe.
Naphezu kokuhlukahluka okunjalo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-carbon activated ezikhiqizwa:
I-Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC)
Amakhabhoni acushiwe ayimpushana ngokuvamile awela kusayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingu-5 kuya ku-150 Å, kanti amanye amasayizi angaphandle atholakalayo. Ama-PAC ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ze-adsorption yesigaba se-liquid futhi anikeza izindleko ezincishisiwe zokucubungula kanye nokuvumelana nezimo ekusebenzeni.
I-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)
Amakhabhoni acushwe yizinhlayiyana ngokuvamile ahluka ngosayizi bezinhlayiyana ezingu-0.2 mm kuya ku-5 mm futhi angasetshenziswa kukho kokubili ukusetshenziswa kwegesi nesigaba soketshezi. Ama-GAC adumile ngoba anikeza ukuphatha okuhlanzekile futhi avame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kunama-PAC.
Ukwengeza, banikeza amandla athuthukisiwe (ukuqina) futhi angavuselelwa futhi asetshenziswe kabusha.
I-Extruded Activated Carbon (EAC)
Amakhabhoni acushiwe akhishiwe angumkhiqizo we-cylindrical pellet enosayizi osuka ku-1 mm ukuya ku-5 mm. Ngokujwayelekile asetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwesigaba segesi, ama-EAC ayikhabhoni ecushwe umsebenzi osindayo njengomphumela wenqubo yokukhipha.
Izinhlobo Ezengeziwe
Izinhlobo ezengeziwe ze-carbon activated zihlanganisa:
I-Bead Activated Carbon
Ikhabhoni Elifakiwe
I-Polymer Coated Carbon
Izindwangu Zekhabhoni Ezicushiwe
Ama-Carbon Fibers Acushiwe
IZIMPAHLA ZEKHABONI ESEBENZE
Lapho ukhetha ikhabhoni ecushiwe yohlelo oluthile, izici ezahlukahlukene kufanele zibhekwe:
Isakhiwo sePore
Isakhiwo sezimbotshana sekhabhoni ecushiwe siyahlukahluka futhi siwumphumela omkhulu wezinto eziwumthombo kanye nendlela yokukhiqiza.¹ Ukwakheka kwezimbotshana, kuhlanganiswe namandla ahehayo, yikho okuvumela ukukhangiswa ukuthi kwenzeke.
Ubulukhuni/Ukuhuzuka
Ubulukhuni/umhuzuko nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni. Izicelo eziningi zizodinga ikhabhoni ecushiwe ukuthi ibe namandla ezinhlayiyana eziphezulu kanye nokumelana nokuncishiswa (ukuhlukaniswa kwezinto zibe izinhlawulo). Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ekhiqizwe kumagobolondo kakhukhunathi inobunzima obukhulu kakhulu bamakhabhoni acushiwe.4
Izakhiwo ze-Adsorptive
Izakhiwo zokumunca zekhabhoni ecushiwe zihlanganisa izici ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa amandla e-adsorptive, izinga le-adsorption, kanye nokusebenza ngokugcwele kwekhabhoni ecushiwe.4
Kuye ngokusetshenziswa (uketshezi noma igesi), lezi zakhiwo zingaboniswa izinto ezimbalwa, okuhlanganisa inombolo ye-iodine, indawo engaphezulu, kanye nomsebenzi weCarbon Tetrachloride (CTC).4
Ukuminyana Okubonakalayo
Nakuba ukuminyana okusobala ngeke kuthinte i-adsorption ngeyunithi ngayinye yesisindo, kuzothinta i-adsorption ngeyunithi ngayinye yevolumu.4
Umswakama
Ngokufanelekile, inani lokuswakama komzimba eliqukethwe kukhabhoni ecushiwe kufanele lehlele phakathi kuka-3-6%.4
Okuqukethwe Umlotha
Okuqukethwe komlotha wekhabhoni ecushiwe isilinganiso sengxenye ye-inert, i-amorphous, inorganic, nengasebenziseki. Okuqukethwe komlotha kuzoba phansi ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba izinga lekhabhoni ecushiwe likhuphuka njengoba umlotha uncipha. 4
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-15-2022