Ikhabhoni esebenzayo

I-activated carbon, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-activated charcoal, iyi-adsorbent eyingqayizivele eyaziswa ngesakhiwo sayo esinezimbobo eziningi esivumela ukuthi ibambe futhi ibambe izinto ngempumelelo.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni eziningi ukususa izingxenye ezingafuneki koketshezi noma amagesi, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetshenziswa enanini elingapheli lezicelo ezidinga ukususwa kokungcola noma izinto ezingafuneki, kusukela ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi nomoya, kuya ekulungisweni kwenhlabathi, ngisho nasekubuyiselweni kwegolide.

Nansi incazelo ephelele yalokhu okuhlukahlukene kakhulu.

YINI IKHABONI ESEBENZAYO?
I-activated carbon iyinto esuselwe ku-carbon ecutshungulwe ukuze ikhulise izakhiwo zayo zokumunca, iveze into emunca kahle kakhulu.

I-activated carbon inesakhiwo esimangalisayo se-pore esibangela ukuthi ibe nendawo ephezulu kakhulu yokubamba nokubamba izinto, futhi ingakhiqizwa ngezinto eziningi eziphilayo ezicebile nge-carbon, okuhlanganisa:

Amagobolondo kakhukhunathi
Izinkuni
Amalahle
I-Peat
Futhi nokuningi…
Kuye ngokuthi umthombo uyini, kanye nezindlela zokucubungula ezisetshenziswa ukukhiqiza ikhabhoni esebenzayo, izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zomkhiqizo wokugcina zingahluka kakhulu.² Lokhu kudala inqwaba yamathuba okuhlukahluka kwamakhabhoni akhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano, kanye nezinhlobo eziningi ezitholakalayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amakhabhoni asebenzayo akhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano akhethekile kakhulu ukuze kufezwe imiphumela emihle kakhulu yohlelo lokusebenza oluthile.

Naphezu kokwehluka okunjalo, kunezinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko ze-activated carbon ezikhiqizwayo:

I-Carbon Esebenza Ngophuphu (i-PAC)

Amakhabhoni asebenzayo aphuzwayo ngokuvamile awela ebangeni lobukhulu bezinhlayiya kusukela ku-5 kuya ku-150 Å, kanti amanye amasayizi angaphandle ayatholakala. Ama-PAC avame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokufaka i-liquid-phase adsorption futhi anikeza izindleko zokucubungula ezincishisiwe kanye nokuguquguquka kokusebenza.

I-Granular Activated Carbon (GAC)

Ama-carbon acushiwe ane-granular ngokuvamile ahluka ngobukhulu bezinhlayiya kusukela ku-0.2 mm kuya ku-5 mm futhi angasetshenziswa kokubili ekusetshenzisweni kwesigaba segesi kanye noketshezi. Ama-GAC athandwa ngoba anikeza ukuphathwa okuhlanzekile futhi avame ukuhlala isikhathi eside kune-PACs.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zinikeza amandla athuthukisiwe (ubulukhuni) futhi zingavuselelwa futhi zisetshenziswe kabusha.

I-Extruded Activated Carbon (EAC)

Ama-carbon asebenzayo akhishwe ngaphandle angumkhiqizo we-cylindrical pellet osayizi osukela ku-1 mm kuya ku-5 mm. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekuphenduleni kwesigaba segesi, ama-EAC ayi-carbon esebenzayo enamandla ngenxa yenqubo yokukhipha.

Izinhlobo Ezengeziwe

Izinhlobo ezengeziwe ze-activated carbon zifaka:

I-Bead Activated Carbon
Ikhabhoni Efakwe
I-Carbon Embozwe Nge-Polymer
Izindwangu Zekhabhoni Ezisebenzayo
Imicu Yekhabhoni Esebenzayo
IZIMPAHLA ZEKHABONI ELISEBENZAYO
Uma ukhetha ikhabhoni esebenzayo yohlelo oluthile, izici ezahlukahlukene kufanele zicatshangelwe:

Isakhiwo Sembobo

Isakhiwo sembobo ye-activated carbon siyahlukahluka futhi ikakhulukazi siwumphumela wezinto ezivela kuyo kanye nendlela yokukhiqizwa.¹ Isakhiwo sembobo, sihlangene namandla akhangayo, yisona esivumela ukumuncwa.

Ukuqina/Ukuguguleka

Ukuqina/ukuqhekeka nakho kuyisici esibalulekile ekukhetheni. Izinhlelo eziningi zizodinga ukuthi ikhabhoni esebenzayo ibe namandla aphezulu ezinhlayiya kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka (ukuqhekeka kwezinto zibe yizinhlayiya). Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ekhiqizwa ngamagobolondo kakhukhunathi inobunzima obukhulu kakhulu kunamakhabhoni asebenzayo.4

Izakhiwo Zokuncela

Izakhiwo zokumunca zekhabhoni esebenzayo zihlanganisa izici eziningana, okuhlanganisa amandla okumunca, izinga lokumunca, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwekhabhoni esebenzayo.4

Kuye ngokusetshenziswa (uketshezi noma igesi), lezi zimpawu zingase ziboniswe yizici eziningana, okuhlanganisa inombolo ye-iodine, indawo engaphezulu, kanye nomsebenzi we-Carbon Tetrachloride (CTC).4

Ubuningi obubonakalayo

Nakuba ukuminyana okubonakalayo kungeke kuthinte ukumuncwa ngesisindo seyunithi, kuzothinta ukumuncwa ngevolumu yeyunithi.4

Umswakama

Okungcono kakhulu, inani lomswakama ongokwenyama eliqukethwe ngaphakathi kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kufanele liwele ngaphakathi kuka-3-6%.

Okuqukethwe Komlotha

Okuqukethwe komlotha wekhabhoni esebenzayo kuyisilinganiso sengxenye engasasebenzi, engaguquki, engaphilayo, nengasebenziseki yezinto ezibonakalayo. Okuqukethwe komlotha kuzoba phansi ngangokunokwenzeka, njengoba ikhwalithi yekhabhoni esebenzayo ikhula njengoba okuqukethwe komlotha kwehla.