Ngo-2020, i-Asia Pacific yayinesabelo esikhulu kunazo zonke emakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-activated carbon. I-China ne-India zingabakhiqizi ababili abahamba phambili be-activated carbon emhlabeni jikelele. E-India, imboni yokukhiqiza i-activated carbon ingenye yezimboni ezikhula ngokushesha. Ukukhula kwezimboni kulesi sifunda kanye nokwanda kwezinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuphatha imfucuza yezimboni kwakhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kwe-activated carbon. Ukwanda kwabantu kanye nesidingo esikhulu sokukhiqiza izimboni nezolimo kuyimbangela yokukhipha imfucuza ezinsizeni zamanzi. Ngenxa yokwanda kwesidingo samanzi ezimbonini ezihambisana nokukhiqizwa kwemfucuza ngesilinganiso esikhulu, imboni yokwelapha amanzi ithola ukusetshenziswa kwayo e-Asia Pacific. I-activated carbon isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni amanzi. Lokhu kulindeleke ukuthi kufake isandla ekukhuleni kwemakethe esifundeni.
Ukukhishwa kwe-mercury kukhishwa ezitshalweni zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle futhi kuyingozi emvelweni kanye nempilo yabantu. Amazwe amaningi abeke imithethonqubo ngamanani obuthi obukhishwa kulezi zitshalo zamandla. Amazwe asathuthuka awakazimiseli izinhlaka zomthetho noma zomthetho ku-mercury; noma kunjalo, ukuphathwa kwe-mercury kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela ukukhishwa kwe-mercury okuyingozi. I-China ithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokunciphisa ukungcola yi-mercury ngeziqondiso eziningana, imithetho, kanye nezinye izilinganiso. Ubuchwepheshe bokulawula obuthuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa ihadiwe nesofthiwe, buyasetshenziswa ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-mercury. I-activated carbon ingenye yezinto ezivelele kakhulu ezisetshenziswa ku-hardware yalezi zobuchwepheshe ukuhlunga umoya. Imithethonqubo yokulawula ukukhishwa kwe-mercury ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa ubuthi be-mercury inyukile emazweni amaningi. Isibonelo, i-Japan yamukele izinqubomgomo eziqinile zokukhishwa kwe-mercury ngenxa yesifo i-Minamata esibangelwa ubuthi be-mercury obukhulu. Ubuchwepheshe obusha, njenge-Activated Carbon Injection, busetshenziswa ukubhekana nokukhishwa kwe-mercury kula mazwe. Ngakho-ke, imithethonqubo ekhulayo yokukhishwa kwe-mercury emhlabeni wonke iqhuba isidingo se-activated carbon.
Ngokohlobo, imakethe yekhabhoni esebenzayo ihlukaniswe yaba yimpuphu, i-granular, kanye ne-pelletized kanye nezinye. Ngo-2020, ingxenye yempuphu yayibambe isabelo semakethe esikhulu kunazo zonke. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo esekelwe kumpuphu yaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo kahle kanye nezici zayo, njengosayizi wezinhlayiya ezincane, okwandisa indawo yokufakwa kwe-adsorption. Usayizi wekhabhoni esebenzayo eyenziwe ngempuphu usebangeni lika-5‒150Å. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo esekelwe kumpuphu inezindleko eziphansi kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwekhabhoni esebenzayo esekelwe kumpuphu kuzoqhubeka nokukhulisa isidingo ngesikhathi sokubikezela.
Ngokusekelwe ekusetshenzisweni, imakethe yekhabhoni esebenzayo ihlukaniswe phakathi kokwelashwa kwamanzi, ukudla neziphuzo, imithi, izimoto, nokunye. Ngo-2020, ingxenye yokwelashwa kwamanzi yayibambe isabelo semakethe esikhulu ngenxa yokwanda kwezimboni emhlabeni wonke. Ikhabhoni esebenzayo iqhubekile nokusetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlunga amanzi. Amanzi asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ayangcoliswa futhi adinga ukwelashwa ngaphambi kokuwakhipha emanzini. Amazwe amaningi anemithetho eqinile mayelana nokwelashwa kwamanzi nokukhululwa kwamanzi angcolisiwe. Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okumuncwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo okubangelwa ukubhoboka kwayo kanye nendawo enkulu ebusweni, isetshenziswa kabanzi ukususa ukungcola emanzini.
Amazwe amaningi athembele ekungenisweni kwalezi zinto zokusetshenziswa ukuze alungiselele ikhabhoni esebenzayo abhekane nezinselele ezinkulu zokuthenga izinto zokwakha. Lokhu kwaholela ekuvalweni okuyingxenye noma okuphelele kwezindawo zokukhiqiza ikhabhoni esebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba umnotho uhlela ukuvuselela imisebenzi yawo, isidingo sekhabhoni esebenzayo kulindeleke ukuthi sikhuphuke emhlabeni jikelele. Isidingo esikhulayo sekhabhoni esebenzayo kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile kwabakhiqizi abavelele ukwandisa amandla okukhiqiza kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhube ukukhula kwekhabhoni esebenzayo ngesikhathi sokubikezela.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-17-2022