Inqubo yokucubungula ikhabhoni esebenzayo ivame ukuba ne-carbonization elandelwa ukusebenza kwezinto ze-carbonaceous ezivela emithini. I-Carbonization iwukwelashwa kokushisa ku-400-800°C okuguqula izinto zokusetshenziswa zibe ikhabhoni ngokunciphisa okuqukethwe yizinto eziguquguqukayo nokwandisa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kwezinto. Lokhu kwandisa amandla ezinto futhi kudala isakhiwo sokuqala esinezimbobo esidingekayo uma ikhabhoni izosebenza. Ukulungisa izimo ze-carbonization kungathinta kakhulu umkhiqizo wokugcina. Izinga lokushisa elikhuphukile le-carbonization landisa ukusabela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa inani le-pores elikhona. Lokhu kwehla kwenani le-pores kungenxa yokwanda kokujiya kwezinto emazingeni okushisa aphezulu e-carbonization okukhiqiza ukwanda kwamandla emishini. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukukhetha izinga lokushisa lenqubo elifanele ngokusekelwe kumkhiqizo ofiselekayo we-carbonization.
Lawa ma-oxide ayasabalala ephuma ku-carbon okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwegesi okuyingxenye okuvula ama-pores ayevaliwe ngaphambilini futhi kuthuthukiswe isakhiwo sangaphakathi se-carbon esinezimbobo. Ekusebenzeni kwamakhemikhali, i-carbon isabela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu nge-ejenti yokuqeda amanzi emzimbeni esusa iningi le-hydrogen ne-oxygen esakhiweni se-carbon. Ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali kuvame ukuhlanganisa isinyathelo sokwenziwa kwe-carbon kanye nokusebenza, kodwa lezi zinyathelo ezimbili zingase zenzeke ngokwehlukana kuye ngenqubo. Izindawo eziphakeme ezingaphezu kuka-3,000 m2 / g zitholakale lapho kusetshenziswa i-KOH njenge-ejenti evuselela amakhemikhali.
I-Carbon Esebenzayo Evela Ezintweni Ezihlukahlukene Zokusetshenziswa Ko ...
Ngaphezu kokuba yi-adsorbent esetshenziselwa izinjongo eziningi ezahlukene, i-activated carbon ingakhiqizwa ngezinto eziningi ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, okwenza kube umkhiqizo oguquguqukayo kakhulu ongakhiqizwa ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa ezitholakalayo. Ezinye zalezi zinto zifaka phakathi amagobolondo ezitshalo, amatshe ezithelo, izinto zokhuni, i-asphalt, ama-carbide ensimbi, ama-carbon blacks, ama-diphozithi emfucumfucu ephuma emanzini angcolile, kanye nezingcezu ze-polymer. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamalahle, esezivele zikhona ngesimo se-carbonaceous esi-5 esinesakhiwo se-pore esithuthukisiwe, zingacutshungulwa kabanzi ukuze kudalwe i-activated carbon. Nakuba i-activated carbon ingakhiqizwa cishe kunoma yiziphi izinto zokusetshenziswa, kungcono kakhulu futhi kuqaphe imvelo ukukhiqiza i-activated carbon kusuka ezintweni zokusetshenziswa. Ama-activated carbon akhiqizwa ngamagobolondo kakhukhunathi aboniswe ukuthi anenani elikhulu lama-micropores, okwenza abe yizinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kudingeka khona amandla aphezulu okumunca. Uthuli lwesawdust nezinye izinto zokhuni ezimunca nazo ziqukethe izakhiwo ezimunca kakhulu ezimunca kahle ezilungele ukumunca kusuka esigabeni segesi. Ukukhiqiza ikhabhoni esebenzayo kusuka kumatshe omnqumo, iplamu, i-apricot, kanye ne-peach kuveza ama-adsorbent afanayo kakhulu anobulukhuni obukhulu, ukumelana nokuklwebheka kanye nevolumu ephezulu ye-micropore. Ama-scrap e-PVC angasetshenziswa uma i-HCl isusiwe kusengaphambili, futhi kuphumela kukhabhoni esebenzayo eyi-adsorbent enhle ye-methylene blue. Ama-carbon asebenzayo akhiqizwe ngisho nangama-scrap amathayi. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe phakathi kobubanzi bezinto ezingaphambili ezingaba khona, kuba nesidingo sokuhlola izakhiwo zomzimba ezitholakalayo ngemuva kokusebenza. Lapho ukhetha i-precursor, lezi zakhiwo ezilandelayo zibalulekile: indawo ethile ebusweni be-pores, ivolumu ye-pore kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwevolumu ye-pore, ukwakheka kanye nosayizi wama-granule, kanye nesakhiwo/uhlobo lwamakhemikhali ebusweni bekhabhoni.
Ukukhetha i-precursor efanele yokusetshenziswa okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukuhlukahluka kwezinto ezingaphambi kwe-precursor kuvumela ukulawula isakhiwo se-carbon pore. Ama-precursor ahlukene aqukethe amanani ahlukahlukene ama-macropores (> 50 nm,) anquma ukusabela kwawo. Lawa ma-macropores awasebenzi kahle ekufakweni kwe-adsorption, kodwa ukuba khona kwawo kuvumela iziteshi eziningi zokudala ama-micropores ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-macropores ahlinzeka ngezindlela eziningi zama-molecule afakwayo ukuze afinyelele ama-micropores ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-adsorption.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-01-2022