Ukuqonda Okuthuthukisiwe Ngobuchwepheshe Bokukhiqiza Ikhabhoni Esebenzayo
Ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kuwuchungechunge lwezinqubo oluqhutshwa ngokunemba oluguqula izitsha zokudla eziphilayo zibe yizimbobo ezinamandla, lapho yonke ipharamitha yokusebenza ithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwezinto kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezimboni. Lobu buchwepheshe buthuthuke kakhulu ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene, kusukela ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi kuya ekuhlanzweni komoya, kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha okuqhubekayo okugxile ekusimeni nasekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza.
Ukukhethwa Nokucubungula Izinto Ezingavuthiwe: Isisekelo SekhwalithiUhambo luqala ngoukukhethwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa ezisetshenziswayo ngendlela ehlelekile, njengoba izakhiwo ze-feedstock zilawula izici zomkhiqizo wokugcina. Amagobolondo kakhukhunathi ahlala ekhethwa kakhulu ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwawo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okuqinile (ngaphezu kuka-75%), amazinga aphansi omlotha (ngaphansi kuka-3%), kanye nesakhiwo sefayibha yemvelo, okusiza ukwakheka kwemigodi—okwenza kube lula ukusetshenziswa okuphezulu njengokususwa kobuthi kwemithi. Amalahle, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ze-bituminous kanye ne-anthracite, akhethwa kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ezinkulu ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo okuzinzile kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, kuyilapho izitsha zokudla ezisekelwe okhunini (isb., iphayini, i-oki) zithandwa kakhulu ezimakethe ezinobungani nemvelo ngenxa yemvelo yazo evuselelekayo. Ngemuva kokukhethwa, ukucubungula kusengaphambili kubalulekile: izinto zokusetshenziswa zichotshozwa zibe yizinhlayiya ezingu-2-5mm ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kokushisa okufanayo, bese zomiswa kuma-rotary oven ku-120-150°C ukunciphisa okuqukethwe komswakama ngaphansi kuka-10%. Lesi sinyathelo sinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi sokushisa okulandelayo futhi sivimbela ukungalingani kwe-carbonization.
Izinqubo Eziyinhloko: Ukwenziwa Kwe-Carbonization Nokusebenza
Ukwenziwa kwe-Carbonizationisinyathelo sokuqala sokuguqula, esenziwa ezithandweni ezijikelezayo ezingenawo umoya-mpilo noma eziphendula ngokuqondile ku-400–600°C. Lapha, izingxenye eziguquguqukayo (isb. amanzi, i-tar, nama-organic acid) ziyasuswa, okubangela ukwehla kwesisindo okungu-50–70%, kuyilapho kwakheka uhlaka lwekhabhoni oluqinile. Kodwa-ke, loluhlaka lunezimbobo ezincane kakhulu—ngokuvamile ezingaphansi kuka-100 m²/g—ezidingaukwenziwa kusebenzeukuvula amandla okumunca izinto.
Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokwenza kusebenze zisetshenziswa embonini.Ukusebenza ngokomzimba(noma ukuvuselelwa kwegesi) kuhilela ukwelapha izinto ezifakwe i-carbon ngamagesi akhipha i-oxidizing (umusi, i-CO₂, noma umoya) ku-800–1000°C. Igesi isabela ebusweni bekhabhoni, ikhipha ama-micro-pores (≤2nm) kanye nama-meso-pores (2–50nm) adala indawo engaphezulu kuka-1,500 m²/g. Le ndlela ithandwa kakhulu ngekhabhoni esebenza nge-food-grade kanye ne-pharmaceutical ngenxa yemvelo yayo engenamakhemikhali.Ukusebenza kwamakhemikhaliNgokuphambene nalokho, ixuba izinto zokusetshenziswa nezinto eziqeda amanzi emzimbeni (i-ZnCl₂, i-H₃PO₄, noma i-KOH) ngaphambi kokufakwa kwe-carbonization. Amakhemikhali ehlisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza libe ngu-400–600°C futhi akhuthaza ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wembobo efanayo, okwenza ifaneleke ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile njenge-VOC adsorption. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela idinga ukugeza ngamanzi noma ama-asidi ngokuqinile ukuze kususwe amakhemikhali asele, okwengeza ubunzima enkambisweni.
Ukwelashwa Kwangemva Kokwelashwa Nokusungula Izinto Eziqhubekayo
Ngemva kokusebenza, umkhiqizo uyachotshozwa, uvinjwe (ukufinyelela ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezisukela ku-0.5mm kuya ku-5mm), futhi womiswe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezindinganiso zomkhakha. Imigqa yokukhiqiza yesimanje ihlanganisa izindlela zokuzinza: ukushisa kwemfucuza okuvela ezithandweni ze-carbonization kusetshenziswa kabusha kuma-power dryer, kuyilapho imikhiqizo ehambisana nokusebenza kwamakhemikhali (isb. ama-asidi ancishisiwe) incishiswa futhi isetshenziswe kabusha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo mayelana nokudla kwe-biomass—njengemfucuza yezolimo (ama-husks elayisi, ama-baking kamoba)—lunciphisa ukuthembela emalahleni angavuseleleki futhi luthuthukisa umkhondo wobuchwepheshe bezemvelo.
Ngamafuphi, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo bulinganisa ubunjiniyela obunembile kanye nokuzivumelanisa nezimo, okwenza bukwazi ukufeza izindima ezibalulekile ekuvikelweni kwemvelo kanye nezinqubo zezimboni. Njengoba isidingo samanzi ahlanzekile nomoya sikhula, intuthuko ekuhlukaniseni izitsha zokudla kanye nokukhiqizwa okuluhlaza kuzoqinisa ukubaluleka kwayo.
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Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-13-2025