Ukulungiswa Kwemvelo Kwenhlabathi Engcoliswe Yinsimbi Kusetshenziswa Izilungiso Zemvelo

I-activated carbon iqukethe izinto ze-carbonaceous ezitholakala kumalahle. I-activated carbon ikhiqizwa yi-pyrolysis yezinto eziphilayo ezivela ezitshalweni. Lezi zinto zifaka amalahle, amagobolondo kakhukhunathi kanye nokhuni,i-bagasse yomoba,amagobolondo kabhontshisikanye kafushane (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). Ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe,umquba wezilwanezisetshenziselwa futhi ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni esebenzayo kuvamile ukususa izinsimbi emanzini angcolile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuvimbeleni ukuhamba kwensimbi akuvamile enhlabathini engcolisiwe (Gerçel noGerçel, 2007; Lima noMarshall, 2005b). Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ethathwe ngomquba wezinkukhu yayinamandla amahle kakhulu okubopha insimbi (Lima noMarshall, 2005a). Ikhabhoni esebenzayo ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukungcola enhlabathini nasemanzini ngenxa yesakhiwo esinezimbobo, indawo enkulu ebusweni kanye namandla aphezulu okumunca (Üçer et al., 2006). Ikhabhoni esebenzayo isusa izinsimbi (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr) esixazululweni ngokusebenzisa imvula njenge-hydroxide yensimbi, ukumunca kukhabhoni esebenzayo (Lyubchik et al., 2004). I-AC ethathwe ngama-almond husk isusa ngempumelelo i-Ni emanzini angcolile ane-H nangaphandle kwayo.₂SO₄ukwelashwa (Hasar, 2003).

Muva nje, i-biochar isetshenziswe njengesilungiso senhlabathi ngenxa yemiphumela yayo emihle ezimpahleni ezahlukene zomzimba nezekhemikhali zomhlabathi (Beesley et al., 2010). I-Biochar iqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-90%) kuye ngokuthi iyini impahla eyinhloko (Chan no-Xu, 2009). Ukwengezwa kwe-biochar kuthuthukisa ukumuncwa kwe-carbon ephilayo encibilikisiwe,i-pH yenhlabathi, kunciphisa izinsimbi eziphuma emanzini futhi kwenezele izakhamzimba ezinkulu (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Ukuqhubeka kwesikhathi eside kwe-biochar enhlabathini kunciphisa ukufakwa kwezinsimbi ngokusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe kwezinye izilungiso (Lehmann noJoseph, 2009). UBeesley et al. (2010) baphetha ngokuthi i-biochar yehlisa i-Cd ne-Zn encibilikayo emanzini enhlabathini ngenxa yokwanda kwe-carbon ephilayo kanye ne-pH. I-carbon esebenzayo yehlisa ukuhlushwa kwensimbi (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) emahlumela ezitshalo zommbila ezikhuliswe enhlabathini engcolisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlabathi ongalungiswanga (Sabir et al., 2013). I-Biochar yehlise ukuhlushwa okuphezulu kwe-Cd ne-Zn encibilikayo enhlabathini engcolisiwe (Beesley noMarmiroli, 2011). Baphetha ngokuthi ukumuncwa kuyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina izinsimbi yinhlabathi. I-Biochar yehlise ukuhlushwa kwe-Cd ne-Zn kwaba ukwehla okuphindwe ka-300 kanye no-45 kokuhlushwa kwayo kwe-leachate, ngokulandelana (uBeesley noMarmiroli, 2011).