I-Phytoremediation Yenhlabathi Engcoliswe Ngensimbi Ukusebenzisa Izichibiyelo Zezinto Eziphilayo

Ikhabhoni ecushiwe iqukethe izinto zekhabhoni ezitholakala emalahleni. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ikhiqizwa yi-pyrolysis yezinto eziphilayo zemvelaphi yezitshalo. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa amalahle, amagobolondo kakhukhunathi nokhuni,isikhwama somoba,izinkomishi zesoyafuthi ngamafuphi (Dias et al., 2007; Paraskeva et al., 2008). Ngesilinganiso esilinganiselwe,ubulongwe bezilwanenazo zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe. Ukusetshenziswa kwekhabhoni ecushiwe kuvamile ukususa izinsimbi emanzini angcolile, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo ekuvimbeni insimbi akuvamile emhlabathini ongcolile (Gerçel noGerçel, 2007; Lima noMarshall, 2005b). Umquba wezinkukhu osuselwa kukhabhoni ocushiwe wawunamandla amahle kakhulu okubopha insimbi (uLima noMarshall, 2005a). Ikhabhoni ecushiwe ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulungisa ukungcola enhlabathini nasemanzini ngenxa yesakhiwo esinezimbotshana, indawo enkulu engaphezulu kanye nomthamo ophezulu wokukhanga (Üçer et al., 2006). Ikhabhoni ecushiwe isusa izinsimbi (Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Cr) esixazululweni ngokusebenzisa imvula njenge-metal hydroxide, i-adsorption ku-activated carbon (Lyubchik et al., 2004). Ikhoba le-almond elitholwe nge-AC liyisuse ngempumelelo i-Ni emanzini angcolile nge-H₂SO₄ukwelashwa (Hasar, 2003).

Muva nje, i-biochar isetshenziswe njengesichibiyelo senhlabathi ngenxa yemiphumela yayo enenzuzo ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlabathi ezibonakalayo namakhemikhali (Beesley et al., 2010). I-Biochar iqukethe okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu (kufika ku-90%) kuye ngezinto zomzali (u-Chan no-Xu, 2009). Ukwengezwa kwe-biochar kuthuthukisa ukufakwa kwekhabhoni encibilikisiwe,inhlabathi pH, inciphisa izinsimbi kuma-leachates futhi yengeze imisoco eningi (Novak et al., 2009; Pietikäinen et al., 2000). Ukuphikelela kwesikhathi eside kwe-biochar enhlabathini kunciphisa ukufakwa kwezinsimbi ngokusebenzisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ezinye izichibiyelo (Lehmann noJoseph, 2009). Beesley et al. (2010) uphethe ngokuthi i-biochar yehlisa i-Cd ne-Zn encibilikayo emanzini ngenxa yokwanda kwe-organic carbon ne-pH. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe yehlise ukugxilwa kwensimbi (Ni, Cu, Mn, Zn) emahlumela ommbila otshalwe enhlabathini engcolile uma kuqhathaniswa nomhlabathi ongachitshiyelwe (Sabir et al., 2013). I-Biochar yehlise ukugxila okuphezulu kwe-Cd ne-Zn encibilikayo enhlabathini engcolile (Beesley noMarmiroli, 2011). Baphethe ngokuthi i-sorption iyindlela ebalulekile yokugcina izinsimbi yinhlabathi. I-Biochar yehlise ukuhlushwa kwe-Cd ne-Zn kuya ekunciphiseni okungu-300- kanye nokuphindwe ka-45 ekugxilweni kwayo kwe-leachate, ngokulandelanayo (u-Beesley no-Marmiroli, i-2011).