I-Polyacrylamide: I-Polymer Enemisebenzi Eminingi Embonini Yanamuhla
I-Polyacrylamide (PAM), iyi-polymer yama-molecule enamathelayo encibilikayo emanzini futhi edlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yezimboni. Iyi-polymer etholakala kuma-monomers e-acrylamide, futhi kwezimboni, ama-polymer aqukethe amayunithi esakhiwo e-acrylamide monomer angaphezu kuka-50% ngokuvamile abizwa ngokuthi i-polyacrylamide.
I-PAM ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezingezona i-ionic, i-anionic, i-cationic, kanye ne-amphoteric ngokwezakhiwo zayo ze-ionic. I-PAM engeyona i-ionic ayinamaqembu angena kwi-ionizable kuchungechunge lwayo lwama-molecule, i-PAM ye-anionic inamaqembu ashajeke kabi, i-PAM ye-cationic inamaqembu ashajeke kahle, kanye ne-PAM ye-amphoteric inamaqembu ashajeke kabi nakahle.
Izindlela zokukhiqiza ze-PAM zifaka phakathi i-polymerization yesisombululo samanzi, i-reverse emulsion polymerization, kanye ne-radiation - initiated polymerization. I-polymerization yesisombululo samanzi iyindlela endala kakhulu futhi esetshenziswa kakhulu ngenxa yokuphepha kwayo kanye nezindleko eziphansi. I-reverse emulsion polymerization ikhethwa kakhulu kwizicelo zokusebenza okuphezulu, kanti i-radiation - initiated polymerization iyindlela entsha engakhiqiza i-PAM ekushiseni okumaphakathi ngaphandle kwabaqalisi bamakhemikhali.
I-PAMinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomzimba nezamakhemikhali. Inezincibiliko ezinhle zamanzi futhi ingancibilika emanzini abandayo ukuze yakhe isixazululo esiqinile. Amaketanga ayo anesisindo esikhulu angakha "amabhuloho" phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezifakwe emanzini, okwenza kube lula ukugoba kanye nokuthungwa kwezinhlayiya ezilenga emanzini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-PAM inezakhiwo zokuqina, ukunamathela, kanye nokunciphisa ukuhudula.
Ngokuphathelene nezicelo, i-PAM isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi, ekumbeni uphethiloli, ekwenzeni amaphepha, nakwezinye izimboni. Ekuhlanzweni kwamanzi, ingasetshenziswa njenge-flocculant ukubambisana nama-coagulant afana ne-PAC ukuze kucaciswe indle kamasipala, amanzi angcolile ezimbonini, kanye namanzi angcolile okugeza amalahle. Embonini kaphethiloli, isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokukhukhula ukuthuthukisa ukubuyiswa kukawoyela. Embonini yokwenza amaphepha, ingathuthukisa izinga lokugcina ama-fillers nama-pigment futhi ithuthukise amandla ephepha.
Kodwa-ke, uma usebenzisa i-PAM, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile. Isibonelo, kufanele incibilikiswe emanzini ahlanzekile, futhi isivinini sokuxubha akufanele sibe sishesha kakhulu ukuvimbela uchungechunge lwama-molecule ukuthi luphuke. Umthamo kufanele unqunywe ngokuhlolwa okuncane, ngoba ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kuzokwenza amanzi abe bushelelezi futhi kuthinte ukuthungwa.
Sekukonke, i-PAM iyi-polymer eguquguqukayo futhi ebalulekile. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwemboni, amathuba okusetshenziswa kwayo azoba maningi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele futhi sinake ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuphephile kanye nomthelela wayo emvelweni.
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