Isakhiwo esiyingqayizivele, esinezimbobo kanye nendawo enkulu yobuso be-activated carbon, kuhlanganiswe namandla okukhanga, kuvumela i-activated carbon ukuthi ibambe futhi ibambe izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto phezu kwayo. I-activated carbon iza ngezindlela eziningi nezinhlobo eziningi. Ikhiqizwa ngokucubungula izinto ze-carbonaceous, ngokuvamile amalahle, ukhuni, noma amakhoba kakhukhunathi, endaweni eshisa kakhulu (njenge-rotary kiln[5]) ukuze kusebenze i-carbon futhi kudale isakhiwo sobuso esinezimbobo eziningi.
I-activated carbon ingenye yemikhiqizo esetshenziswa kakhulu embonini yokwelapha amanzi. Inezimbobo eziningi kakhulu futhi inendawo enkulu, okwenza ibe yinto ephumelelayo yokungenisa amanzi. I-activated carbon ingeyeqembu lezinto ze-carbon ezinezimbobo ezinamandla aphezulu okungenisa amanzi kanye nekhono lokuvuselela amanzi. Izinto eziningi zisetshenziswa njengezinto eziyisisekelo ukukhiqiza i-AC. Ezivame kakhulu kulezo ezisetshenziswa ekuhlanzeni amanzi yigobolondo likakhukhunathi, ukhuni, amalahle e-anthracite kanye ne-peat.
Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zekhabhoni esebenzayo, ngayinye inikeza izici ezahlukene zezinto ezenza ifaneleke kahle ezinhlelweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi banikeza imikhiqizo eminingi yekhabhoni esebenzayo. Kuye ngokusetshenziswa, ikhabhoni esebenzayo ingasetshenziswa ngendlela eyimpuphu, eyi-granular, ekhishwe ngaphandle, noma ngisho neyoketshezi. Ingasetshenziswa yodwa, noma ihlanganiswe nobuchwepheshe obuhlukene, njengokuhlanza i-UV. Izinhlelo zokwelapha amanzi zivame ukusebenzisa ikhabhoni esebenzayo eyi-granular noma eyi-powdered, kanti ikhabhoni esebenzayo eyi-granular (GAC) evela kumalahle e-bituminous iyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu. Igobolondo likakhukhunathi livele njengenye yezinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zekhabhoni esebenzayo yezidingo zesistimu yokuhlunga amanzi. Amakhabhoni asebenzayo asekelwe kwigobolondo likakhukhunathi angama-micro-pores. Lawa ma-pores amancane afana nosayizi wama-molecule angcolile emanzini okuphuza ngakho-ke asebenza kahle kakhulu ekubambeni. Amakhukhunathi ayimithombo evuselelekayo futhi atholakala kalula unyaka wonke. Akhula ngamanani amakhulu futhi angagcinwa isikhathi eside.
Amanzi angase abe nezinto ezingcolisayo ezingathinta impilo kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila. Amanzi ahloselwe ukusetshenziswa ngabantu kumele angabi nezinto eziphilayo futhi angabi namakhemikhali amaningi angaba yingozi empilweni. Amanzi esiwaphuza nsuku zonke kumele angabi nakungcola. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zamanzi okuphuza: amanzi ahlanzekile namanzi aphephile. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamanzi okuphuza.
Amanzi ahlanzekile angachazwa njengamanzi angenazo izinto ezingabalulekile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi azinangozi noma cha. Nokho, ngokombono ongokoqobo, amanzi ahlanzekile kunzima ukuwakhiqiza, ngisho nangemishini yamanje esezingeni eliphezulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanzi aphephile ngamanzi angeke abangele imiphumela engathandeki noma emibi. Amanzi aphephile angase abe nezinto ezithile ezingcolisayo kodwa lezi zinto ezingcolisayo ngeke zibangele noma yiziphi izingozi noma imiphumela emibi empilweni yabantu. Izinto ezingcolisayo kumele zibe sebangeni elamukelekayo.
Isibonelo, i-chlorination isetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane emanzini. Nokho, le nqubo ifaka ama-trihalomethanes (ama-THM) kumkhiqizo oqediwe. Ama-THM abeka izingozi zempilo ezingaba khona. Ukuphuza amanzi ane-chlorinated isikhathi eside kubonakala kwandisa ingozi yokuba nomdlavuza wesinyi ngamaphesenti angama-80, ngokusho kocwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyijenali ye-National Cancer Institute (St. Paul Dispatch & Pioneer Press, 1987).
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni landa futhi izidingo zokusebenzisa amanzi aphephile zanda kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, kuzoba yinto ekhathazayo kakhulu esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ukuthi izindawo zokuhlanza amanzi zisebenze kangcono. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuphakelwa kwamanzi emakhaya kusasongelwa yizinto ezingcolisayo ezifana namakhemikhali namagciwane.
I-activated carbon ibilokhu isetshenziswa njengendawo yokuhlunga amanzi yokuhlanza amanzi okuphuza iminyaka eminingi. Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekususeni ukungcola emanzini ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu okumunca amakhemikhali anjalo, avela endaweni yawo enkulu kanye nokuvuleka kwawo. Ama-activated carbon anezici ezahlukahlukene zobuso kanye nokusatshalaliswa kosayizi we-pore, izici ezidlala indima ebalulekile ekumuncweni kokungcola emanzini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-26-2022