Ikhabhoni ecushiwe (AC) isho izinto ezikhiqiza ikhabhoni ephezulu enamandla amakhulu kanye nekhono lokuhluza elikhiqizwe ngokhuni, amagobolondo kakhukhunathi, amalahle, namakhoni, njll. I-AC ingenye yama-adsorbent asetshenziswa njalo asetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ukuze kukhishwe ukungcola okuningi. emanzini nasemoyeni. Njengoba, i-AC ihlanganiswe emikhiqizweni yezolimo kanye nemfucuza, ibonakale iyindlela ehlukile emithonjeni esetshenziswa ngokwesiko engavuseleleki nemba eqolo. Ukulungiswa kwe-AC, izinqubo ezimbili eziyisisekelo, i-carbonization kanye nokusebenza, zisetshenziswa. Enqubweni yokuqala, ama-precursers angaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, phakathi kuka-400 no-850 ° C, ukuxosha zonke izingxenye eziguquguqukayo. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme eliphakeme lisusa zonke izingxenye ezingezona ikhabhoni kumanduleli njenge-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, ne-nitrogen esesimweni samagesi netiyela. Le nqubo ikhiqiza i-char enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni ephezulu kodwa indawo ephansi kanye ne-porosity. Kodwa-ke, isinyathelo sesibili sibandakanya ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-char eyakhiwe ngaphambilini. Ukuthuthukiswa kosayizi wezimbotshana phakathi nenqubo yokuvula kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu: ukuvulwa kwezimbotshana ezazingafinyeleleki ngaphambili, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimbotshana ezintsha ngokuvula okukhethiwe, kanye nokwandiswa kwezimbotshana ezikhona.
Imvamisa, izindlela ezimbili, ezomzimba nezamakhemikhali, zisetshenziselwa ukwenza kusebenze ukuthola indawo efiselekayo kanye ne-porosity. Ukwenza kusebenze ngokomzimba kuhilela ukwenza kusebenze i-carbonized char kusetshenziswa amagesi e-oxidizing njengomoya, i-carbon dioxide, nesitimu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (phakathi kuka-650 no-900°C). I-Carbon dioxide ivamise ukuthandwa ngenxa yemvelo yayo emsulwa, ukuphatha kalula, kanye nenqubo elawulekayo yokwenza kusebenze cishe ku-800°C. Ukufana kwe-pore okuphezulu kungatholakala ngokusebenza kwe-carbon dioxide uma kuqhathaniswa ne-steam. Kodwa-ke, ekusebenzeni ngokomzimba, isitimu sithandwa kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa nesikhutha njengoba i-AC enendawo ephakeme kakhulu ingakhiqizwa. Ngenxa yobukhulu be-molecule yamanzi, ukusakazeka kwayo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo se-char kwenzeka ngokuphumelelayo. Ukwenza kusebenze ngesitimu kutholwe kuphakeme ngokuphindwe kabili kuya kwezintathu kune-carbon dioxide enezinga elifanayo lokuguqulwa.
Nokho, indlela yamakhemikhali ihlanganisa ukuxubana kwesandulela nama-ejenti acupha (NaOH, KOH, ne-FeCl3, njll.). Lawa ma-agent asebenza njengama-oxidants kanye nama-ejenti aqeda amanzi emzimbeni. Ngale ndlela, i-carbonization kanye nokwenza kusebenze kwenziwa kanyekanye ekushiseni okuphansi ngokuqhathaniswa okungu-300-500 ° C uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela engokwenyama. Ngenxa yalokho, kuthinta ukubola kwe-pyrolytic futhi, bese, kuphumela ekwandeni kwesakhiwo esithuthukisiwe se-porous kanye nesivuno esiphezulu sekhabhoni. Izinzuzo ezinkulu zamakhemikhali ngaphezu kokusebenza ngokomzimba isidingo sokushisa esiphansi, izakhiwo ze-microporosity ephezulu, indawo enkulu, kanye nesikhathi esincishisiwe sokuqeda ukusabela.
Ukuphakama kwendlela yokwenza amakhemikhali kungachazwa ngesisekelo semodeli ehlongozwe uKim kanye nozakwabo [1] ngokusho ukuthi ama-microdomain ahlukahlukene ayindilinga anesibopho sokwakheka kwama-micropores atholakala ku-AC. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-mesopores athuthukiswa ezifundeni ze-intermicrodomain. Ngokokuhlola, bakha ikhabhoni ecushiwe kusuka ku-phenol-based resin ngamakhemikhali (besebenzisa i-KOH) kanye nokwenza kusebenze ngokomzimba (kusetshenziswa isitimu) (Umfanekiso 1). Imiphumela ibonise ukuthi i-AC ehlanganiswe ukwenziwa kusebenze kwe-KOH ibe nendawo ephezulu engu-2878 m2/g uma iqhathaniswa no-2213 m2/g ngokuvula isitimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izici ezifana nosayizi wembotshana, indawo engaphezulu, ivolumu ye-micropore, kanye nobubanzi bembotshana obumaphakathi konke kutholwe kungcono ezimeni ezicushwe yi-KOH uma kuqhathaniswa nesitimu esicushiwe.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-AC Ilungiselelwe kusukela ekwenzeni kusebenze isitimu(C6S9) kanye nokwenza kusebenze kwe-KOH(C6K9), ngokulandelana, kuchazwe ngokwemodeli yesakhiwo esincane.
Ngokuya ngosayizi wezinhlayiyana nendlela yokuyilungiselela, ingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezintathu: i-AC enamandla, i-granular AC, ne-AC yobuhlalu. I-AC ene-powered yakhiwa ngama-granules amahle anosayizi ongu-1 mm nebanga lobubanzi obuyisilinganiso elingu-0.15-0.25 mm. I-Granular AC inosayizi omkhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nendawo yangaphandle encane. I-Granular AC isetshenziselwa izinhlelo ezahlukene zesigaba soketshezi kanye nesigaba segesi kuye ngezilinganiso zazo zobukhulu. Isigaba sesithathu: ubuhlalu be-AC buvamise ukuhlanganiswa ukusuka ku-petroleum pitch enobubanzi obusuka ku-0.35 ukuya ku-0.8 mm. Yaziwa ngamandla ayo emishini ephezulu kanye nothuli oluphansi. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emibhedeni efakwe amanzi efana nokuhlunga kwamanzi ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esiyindilinga.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-18-2022